Java course covers fundamental to advanced concepts. Starting with Java's history and environment setup, it progresses through core language features: data types, operators, control flow, and object-oriented programming (OOP) principles (abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism). Exception handling, string manipulation, and the Collections Framework are explored. The course also covers I/O operations, multithreading, and may include optional introductions to GUI programming, database connectivity, testing, and design patterns. Practical exercises and projects reinforce learning, providing a solid Java foundation for beginners.